Diagnosis of the cause of insomnia requires a complete history and physical exam.
A physician may also ask a patient and his/her bed partner to complete diaries of sleeping patterns. One’s bed partner is important because he or she may observe behaviors during sleep, such as long pauses in breathing (as happens with sleep apnea) or other activities of which the person who suffers from the sleep disorder is unaware.
The physician will also take an extensive history of the patient’s lifelong sleep patterns, other times he/she may have experienced insomnia, recent stresses in life, etc. The information the patient provides is crucial to establishing the correct diagnosis. Therefore, people should try to be as direct as possible when the physician asks about these areas. Correct diagnosis leads to correct treatment.
Laboratory Findings/Diagnostic Tests
If there is evidence of a sleep disorder such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, periodic leg movements during sleep or others, the physician may recommend a sleep study, also known as nocturnal polysomnography.
These studies are typically done in a sleep laboratory within a medical center. The patient spends the night in a highly specialized hospital-type room with machines that monitor heart, lung, brain and muscle activity during the night. In the morning, the monitors are removed and the patient usually goes home.
These studies can be helpful in some cases of insomnia, but only if the history obtained by the physician suggests one of the mentioned sleep disorders. In most cases, the patient’s history taken by a physician determines the cause or causes of insomnia.
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Tags: insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep patterns
